The earliest modern humans outside Africa
2 Department of Evolutionary Anthropology [Univ. Vienna]
3 Binghamton University [SUNY]
4 ARCHE
5 ANU - Australian National University
6 GSI - Geological Survey of Israel
7 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
8 GEOTRAC - Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie
9 IRAMAT-CRP2A - IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie
10 UCM - Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]
11 CENIEH - Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana
12 Department of Anthropology [University College of London]
13 Universität Wien = University of Vienna
14 Universidad de Burgos = University of Burgos
15 URV - University Rovira i virgili = Universidad Rovira y Virgili = Universitat Rovira i Virgili
16 HUJ - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
17 Ǧāmiʿat͏̈ Hayfā = University of Haifa
18 TAU - Tel Aviv University
19 CAS - Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing]
20 Carmel Medical Center
21 Zinman Institute of Archaeology
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Résumé
To date, the earliest modern human fossils found outside of Africa are dated to around 90,000 to 120,000 years ago at the Levantine sites of Skhul and Qafzeh. A maxilla and associated dentition recently discovered at Misliya Cave, Israel, was dated to 177,000 to 194,000 years ago, suggesting that members of the Homo sapiens clade left Africa earlier than previously thought. This finding changes our view on modern human dispersal and is consistent with recent genetic studies, which have posited the possibility of an earlier dispersal of Homo sapiens around 220,000 years ago. The Misliya maxilla is associated with full-fledged Levallois technology in the Levant, suggesting that the emergence of this technology is linked to the appearance of $Homo\ sapiens$ in the region, as has been documented in Africa.
