Evaluation of a two-phase piston pump model for cryogenic fluids transport
Résumé
Transporting liquid hydrogen in a circuit requires high-head pumps due to the very low density of such a
fluid. Adapted technologies are limited to volumetric pumps or multi-stage centrifugal pumps. Indeed, in most
cases, a single-stage centrifugal pump would be too much large in term of diameter. Taking a huge place for
pumps in not something acceptable in complex energy systems containing many components because of the
associated big impact in terms of global cost of the facility. This is even more important in the mobility domain.
In the current context of the low car emissions objective, hydrogen circuits are studied more and more and the
subject of liquid hydrogen pumping is a typical one.
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) is a seven-decade research entity
that plays a major role in the development of low carbon solution to produce electricity in a flexible way, provide
urban and industrial heat at the right level and ensure mobility of person based on the hydrogen vector. In the
frame of past works and projects, especially in the nuclear safety domain, the CEA has developed high fidelity
simulation tools to address the question of how the facility behaves in accidental conditions. Such transients
involve two-phase flows in circuits and components that need to be physically well described.
Today, the CEA is adapting such rich tools to the hydrogen issues and applications. The Code for Analysis
of Thermal-Hydraulics during an Accident of Reactor and safety Evaluation (CATHARE) is a transient modular
two-phase flow six-equation system code widely validated for nuclear power plant design and safety studies. It
also has a long history of use in the domain of cryogenic fluids (rocket engines1, cryogenic system safety2...).
In the present paper, solutions to answer the need of a cryogenic pump modeling in transient and two-phase
flow conditions are investigated. One case of interest3 is chosen in the literature and simulated to evaluate the
choices of modeling in details. The piston pump is first modeled in liquid nitrogen (LN2) before being studied
in liquid hydrogen (LH2). This work is a first step towards the simulation of cryogenic pumps and complex
systems for the transport of such fluids.
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