We investigated the effects of X-ray beam damage during X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement on LiNiO2 electrodes. The degree of damage induced by lab-based and synchrotron X-ray radiation has been compared between pristine and cycled electrodes, highlighting the role of positive solid electrode–electrolyte interphase to protect the cycled LiNiO2 surface from beam damage. The possible steps to avoid or at least reduce the beam-induced effects are outlined.