Dynamic fracture of tantalum under extreme tensile stress
2 LULI - Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses
3 Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University
4 VNIIA - Dukhov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Automation
5 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
6 JASRI - Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute [Hyogo]
7 RIKEN - RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon]
8 UOsaka - The University of Osaka
9 SLAC - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
10 XFEL - European XFEL GmbH
11 Okayama University
12 Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University
13 NIMS - National Institute for Materials Science
14 HU - Hiroshima University
15 Kobe University
16 Institute of laser Engineering
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Résumé
The understanding of fracture phenomena of a material at extremely high strain rates is a key issue for a wide variety of scientific research ranging from applied science and technological developments to fundamental science such as laser-matter interaction and geology. Despite its interest, its study relies on a fine multiscale description, in between the atomic scale and macroscopic processes, so far only achievable by large-scale atomic simulations. Direct ultrafast real-time monitoring of dynamic fracture (spallation) at the atomic lattice scale with picosecond time resolution was beyond the reach of experimental techniques. We show that the coupling between a high-power optical laser pump pulse and a femtosecond x-ray probe pulse generated by an x-ray free electron laser allows detection of the lattice dynamics in a tantalum foil at an ultrahigh strain rate of Embedded Image $\dot \varepsilon$~2 × 10$^8$ to 3.5 × 10$^8$ s$^{−1}$. A maximal density drop of 8 to 10%, associated with the onset of spallation at a spall strength of ~17 GPa, was directly measured using x-ray diffraction. The experimental results of density evolution agree well with large-scale atomistic simulations of shock wave propagation and fracture of the sample. Our experimental technique opens a new pathway to the investigation of ultrahigh strain-rate phenomena in materials at the atomic scale, including high-speed crack dynamics and stress-induced solid-solid phase transitions
