<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of tel-01673315</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-25T01:04:01+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Spintronics memory function : materials and device concepts</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">La fonction mémoire en Spintronique : matériaux et dispositifs</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Ricardo</forename>
                <surname>Sousa</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">add24e6a25e7198cc7f4f00796084572</email>
              <email type="domain">cea.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">ricardo-sousa</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">16846</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1290568-16846</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-3359</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/15736030X</idno>
              <orgName ref="#struct-0"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1402"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Ricardo</forename>
                <surname>Sousa</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">add24e6a25e7198cc7f4f00796084572</email>
              <email type="domain">cea.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2017-12-29 10:37:20</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-09-27 19:27:38</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2018-01-03 14:32:36</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2017-05-04</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2017-12-29</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://cea.hal.science/tel-01673315v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2017-12-29"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://cea.hal.science/tel-01673315v1/file/Extract_HDR_Ricardo_Sousa_2017_Public.pdf" id="file-1673315-1715276">
                <date notBefore="2017-12-29"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="582397">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Ricardo</forename>
                  <surname>Sousa</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">add24e6a25e7198cc7f4f00796084572</email>
                <email type="domain">cea.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">tel-01673315</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://cea.hal.science/tel-01673315</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">sousa:tel-01673315</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]. Universite Grenoble Alpes, 2017</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]. Universite Grenoble Alpes, 2017</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-1673315-1715276"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CEA">CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UGA">HAL Grenoble Alpes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INPG">Institut polytechnique de Grenoble</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INAC-SPINTEC" corresp="DSM-INAC">INAC-SPINTEC</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="DSM-INAC" corresp="CEA">INAC</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CEA-DRF" corresp="CEA">Direction de Recherche Fondamentale</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRIG" corresp="CEA">Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CEA-GRE" corresp="CEA">CEA Grenoble</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UGA-COMUE">Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019]</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST-UGA">TEST-UGA</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt/>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Spintronics memory function : materials and device concepts</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">La fonction mémoire en Spintronique : matériaux et dispositifs</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Ricardo</forename>
                    <surname>Sousa</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">add24e6a25e7198cc7f4f00796084572</email>
                  <email type="domain">cea.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">ricardo-sousa</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">16846</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1290568-16846</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-3359</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/15736030X</idno>
                  <orgName ref="#struct-0"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1402"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <imprint>
                  <date type="dateDefended">2017-05-04</date>
                </imprint>
                <authority type="institution">Universite Grenoble Alpes</authority>
                <authority type="supervisor">Prof. Ahmad Bsiesy</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Prof. Russell Cowburn</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Prof. François Montaigne</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Dr. Dafiné Ravelosona</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Prof. Christophe Muller</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Dr. Ioan Lucian Prejbeanu</authority>
                <authority type="jury">Prof. Alain Schuhl (invité)</authority>
              </monogr>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en"> non-volatile memory</term>
                <term xml:lang="en"> Spin transfer torque</term>
                <term xml:lang="en"> Magnetic random access memory</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Spintronics</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> Transfert de spin</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> mémoire non-volatile</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> MRAM</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Spintronique</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="phys.cond.cm-msqhe">Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="phys.cond.cm-ms">Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi.nano">Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="HDR">Accreditation to supervise research</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="HDR">Accreditation to supervise research</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="HDR">Accreditation to supervise research</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>This manuscript presents highlights of research I contributed to on magnetic random access memory (MRAM) since arriving at the CEA-Grenoble Spintec laboratory in 2002. This work involved the development of MRAM concepts using magnetic field and spin transfer torque (STT) writing methods and the materials necessary to demonstrate their principle of operation.  After briefly summarizing my career path in the first chapter, I introduce areas that would benefit from the adoption of non-volatile memory in particular as embedded memory. The second chapter reviews the advantages of using the current flow through the cell in thermally assisted writing using magnetic fields and STT. It focuses on the heating dynamics and methods to determine the temperature increase inside a magnetic tunnel junction pillar. The next chapter, reviews solutions to write and reverse the magnetization direction at the ultimate speed limit defined by the magnetization precession frequency in the GHz range. It also discusses the tunnel junction barrier breakdown at short pulse widths. This is followed by a close look at the advantages of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy materials for MRAM, as the concept most likely to gain industry-wide adoption, and the material developments necessary to scale cells below 20nm diameter. Finally, I summarize our results in the context of possible future research directions in the field of MRAM.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="department" xml:id="struct-1402" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">184701376</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200316919G</idno>
          <orgName>SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SPINTEC</orgName>
          <date type="start">2002-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de GrenobleCEA-Grenoble17, avenue des Martyrs 38054 GRENOBLE CEDEX 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.spintec.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR8191" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-445543" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="DRF/IRIG/DEPHY" active="#struct-555292" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="DRF/IRIG" active="#struct-465913" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300016" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-445543" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">188399275</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02rx3b187</idno>
          <orgName>Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UGA [2016-2019]</orgName>
          <date type="start">2016-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>38058 Grenoble cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-555292" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">240648846</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201923169F</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00byxdz40</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q108737333</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRIG</orgName>
          <date type="start">2019-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/IRIG/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="DRF/IRIG" active="#struct-465913" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300016" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-465913" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">251118436</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201622496M</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01yvj5k91</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q52604525</idno>
          <orgName>Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">DRF (CEA)</orgName>
          <date type="start">2016-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Direction de Recherche FondamentaleFundamental Research DivisionCEA Saclay91191 Gif-sur-Yvette</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://ceasciences.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300016" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300016" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026372061</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122998025</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00jjx8s55</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q868550</idno>
          <orgName>Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CEA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Centre de SaclayCentre de GrenobleCentre de Cadaracheetc</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.cea.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>