Separating ${^{39} {Ar}}$ from ${^{40}{Ar}}$ by cryogenic distillation with Aria for dark-matter searches
P. Agnes
,
S. Albergo
,
I.F.M. Albuquerque
,
T. Alexander
,
A. Alici
,
A.K. Alton
,
P. Amaudruz
,
M. Arba
,
P. Arpaia
,
S. Arcelli
,
M. Ave
,
I.Ch. Avetissov
,
R.I. Avetisov
,
O. Azzolini
,
H.O. Back
,
Z. Balmforth
,
V. Barbarian
,
A. Barrado Olmedo
,
P. Barrillon
(1)
,
A. Basco
,
G. Batignani
,
A. Bondar
,
W.M. Bonivento
,
E. Borisova
,
B. Bottino
,
M.G. Boulay
,
G. Buccino
,
S. Bussino
,
J. Busto
(1)
,
A. Buzulutskov
,
M. Cadeddu
,
M. Cadoni
,
A. Caminata
,
E.V. Canesi
,
N. Canci
,
G. Cappello
,
M. Caravati
,
M. Cárdenas-Montes
,
N. Cargioli
,
M. Carlini
,
F. Carnesecchi
,
P. Castello
,
A. Castellani
,
S. Catalanotti
,
V. Cataudella
,
P. Cavalcante
,
S. Cavuoti
,
S. Cebrian
,
J.M. Cela Ruiz
,
B. Celano
,
S. Chashin
,
A. Chepurnov
,
C. Cicalò
,
L. Cifarelli
,
D. Cintas
,
F. Coccetti
,
V. Cocco
,
M. Colocci
,
E. Conde Vilda
,
L. Consiglio
,
S. Copello
,
J. Corning
,
G. Covone
,
P. Czudak
,
M. d'Aniello
,
S. d'Auria
,
M. da Rocha Rolo
,
O. Dadoun
(2)
,
M. Daniel
,
S. Davini
,
A. de Candia
,
S. De Cecco
,
A. De Falco
,
G. de Filippis
,
D. De Gruttola
,
G. De Guido
,
G. De Rosa
,
M. Della Valle
,
G. Dellacasa
,
S. De Pasquale
,
A.V. Derbin
,
A. Devoto
,
L. Di Noto
,
F. Di Eusanio
,
C. Dionisi
,
P. Di Stefano
,
G. Dolganov
,
D. Dongiovanni
,
F. Dordei
,
M. Downing
,
T. Erjavec
,
S. Falciano
,
S. Farenzena
,
M. Fernandez Diaz
,
C. Filip
,
G. Fiorillo
,
A. Franceschi
,
D. Franco
(3)
,
E. Frolov
,
N. Funicello
,
F. Gabriele
,
C. Galbiati
,
M. Garbini
,
P. Garcia Abia
,
A. Gendotti
,
C. Ghiano
,
R.A. Giampaolo
,
C. Giganti
(2)
,
M.A. Giorgi
,
G.K. Giovanetti
,
M.L. Gligan
,
V. Goicoechea Casanueva
,
A. Gola
,
A.M. Goretti
,
R. Graciani Diaz
,
G.Y. Grigoriev
,
A. Grobov
,
M. Gromov
,
M. Guan
,
M. Guerzoni
,
M. Guetti
,
M. Gulino
,
C. Guo
,
B.R. Hackett
,
A. Hallin
,
M. Haranczyk
,
S. Hill
,
S. Horikawa
,
F. Hubaut
(1)
,
T. Hugues
,
E.V. Hungerford
,
An. Ianni
,
V. Ippolito
,
C.C. James
,
C. Jillings
,
P. Kachru
,
A.A. Kemp
,
C.L. Kendziora
,
G. Keppel
,
A.V. Khomyakov
,
S. Kim
,
A. Kish
,
I. Kochanek
,
K. Kondo
,
G. Korga
,
A. Kubankin
,
R. Kugathasan
,
M. Kuss
,
M. Kuźniak
,
M. La Commara
,
L. La Delfa
,
D. La Grasta
,
M. Lai
(3)
,
N. Lami
,
S. Langrock
,
M. Leyton
,
X. Li
,
L. Lidey
,
F. Lippi
,
M. Lissia
,
G. Longo
,
N. Maccioni
,
I.N. Machulin
,
L. Mapelli
,
A. Marasciulli
,
A. Margotti
,
S.M. Mari
,
J. Maricic
,
M. Marinelli
,
M. Martínez
,
A.D. Martinez Rojas
,
A. Martini
,
C.J. Martoff
,
M. Mascia
,
M. Masetto
,
A. Masoni
,
A. Mazzi
,
A.B. Mcdonald
,
J. Mclaughlin
,
A. Messina
,
P.D. Meyers
,
T. Miletic
,
R. Milincic
,
R. Miola
,
A. Moggi
,
A. Moharana
,
S. Moioli
,
J. Monroe
,
S. Morisi
,
M. Morrocchi
,
E.N. Mozhevitina
,
T. Mr
,
T. Mróz
,
V.N. Muratova
,
A. Murenu
,
C. Muscas
,
L. Musenich
,
P. Musico
,
R. Nania
,
T. Napolitano
,
A. Navrer Agasson
(2)
,
M. Nessi
,
I. Nikulin
,
J. Nowak
,
A. Oleinik
,
V. Oleynikov
,
L. Pagani
,
M. Pallavicini
,
S. Palmas
,
L. Pandola
,
E. Pantic
,
E. Paoloni
,
G. Paternoster
,
P.A. Pegoraro
,
L.A. Pellegrini
,
C. Pellegrino
,
K. Pelczar
,
F. Perotti
,
V. Pesudo
,
E. Picciau
,
F. Pietropaolo
,
T. Pinna
,
A. Pocar
,
P. Podda
,
D.M. Poehlmann
,
S. Pordes
,
S.S. Poudel
,
P. Pralavorio
(1)
,
D. Price
,
F. Raffaelli
,
F. Ragusa
,
A. Ramirez
,
M. Razeti
,
A. Razeto
,
A.L. Renshaw
,
S. Rescia
,
M. Rescigno
,
F. Resnati
,
F. Retiere
,
L.P. Rignanese
,
C. Ripoli
,
A. Rivetti
,
J. Rode
(2, 3)
,
L. Romero
,
M. Rossi
,
A. Rubbia
,
M. Rucaj
,
G.M. Sabiu
,
P. Salatino
,
O. Samoylov
,
E. Sánchez García
,
E. Sandford
,
S. Sanfilippo
,
V.A. Sangiorgio
,
V. Santacroce
,
D. Santone
,
R. Santorelli
,
A. Santucci
,
C. Savarese
,
E. Scapparone
,
B. Schlitzer
,
G. Scioli
,
D.A. Semenov
,
B. Shaw
,
A. Shchagin
,
A. Sheshukov
,
M. Simeone
,
P. Skensved
,
M.D. Skorokhvatov
,
O. Smirnov
,
B. Smith
,
A. Sokolov
,
R. Stefanizzi
,
A. Steri
,
S. Stracka
,
V. Strickland
,
M. Stringer
,
S. Sulis
,
Y. Suvorov
,
A.M. Szelc
,
J.Z. Zsücs-Balázs
,
R. Tartaglia
,
G. Testera
,
T.N. Thorpe
,
A. Tonazzo
(3)
,
S. Torres-Lara
,
S. Tosti
,
A. Tricomi
,
M. Tuveri
,
E.V. Unzhakov
,
G. Usai
,
T. Vallivilayil John
,
S. Vescovi
,
T. Viant
,
S. Viel
,
A. Vishneva
,
R.B. Vogelaar
,
M. Wada
,
H. Wang
,
Y. Wang
,
S. Westerdale
,
R.J. Wheadon
,
L. Williams
,
Ma.M. Wojcik
,
Ma. Wojcik
,
X. Xiao
,
C. Yang
,
A. Zani
,
F. Zenobio
,
A. Zichichi
,
G. Zuzel
,
M.P. Zykova
P. Agnes
- Function : Author
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S. Albergo
- Function : Author
I.F.M. Albuquerque
- Function : Author
T. Alexander
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A. Alici
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A.K. Alton
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P. Amaudruz
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M. Arba
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P. Arpaia
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S. Arcelli
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M. Ave
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I.Ch. Avetissov
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R.I. Avetisov
- Function : Author
O. Azzolini
- Function : Author
H.O. Back
- Function : Author
Z. Balmforth
- Function : Author
V. Barbarian
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A. Barrado Olmedo
- Function : Author
A. Basco
- Function : Author
G. Batignani
- Function : Author
A. Bondar
- Function : Author
W.M. Bonivento
- Function : Author
E. Borisova
- Function : Author
B. Bottino
- Function : Author
M.G. Boulay
- Function : Author
G. Buccino
- Function : Author
S. Bussino
- Function : Author
A. Buzulutskov
- Function : Author
M. Cadeddu
- Function : Author
M. Cadoni
- Function : Author
A. Caminata
- Function : Author
E.V. Canesi
- Function : Author
N. Canci
- Function : Author
G. Cappello
- Function : Author
M. Caravati
- Function : Author
M. Cárdenas-Montes
- Function : Author
N. Cargioli
- Function : Author
M. Carlini
- Function : Author
F. Carnesecchi
- Function : Author
P. Castello
- Function : Author
A. Castellani
- Function : Author
S. Catalanotti
- Function : Author
V. Cataudella
- Function : Author
P. Cavalcante
- Function : Author
S. Cavuoti
- Function : Author
S. Cebrian
- Function : Author
J.M. Cela Ruiz
- Function : Author
B. Celano
- Function : Author
S. Chashin
- Function : Author
A. Chepurnov
- Function : Author
C. Cicalò
- Function : Author
L. Cifarelli
- Function : Author
D. Cintas
- Function : Author
F. Coccetti
- Function : Author
V. Cocco
- Function : Author
M. Colocci
- Function : Author
E. Conde Vilda
- Function : Author
L. Consiglio
- Function : Author
S. Copello
- Function : Author
J. Corning
- Function : Author
G. Covone
- Function : Author
P. Czudak
- Function : Author
M. d'Aniello
- Function : Author
S. d'Auria
- Function : Author
M. da Rocha Rolo
- Function : Author
M. Daniel
- Function : Author
S. Davini
- Function : Author
A. de Candia
- Function : Author
S. De Cecco
- Function : Author
A. De Falco
- Function : Author
G. de Filippis
- Function : Author
D. De Gruttola
- Function : Author
G. De Guido
- Function : Author
G. De Rosa
- Function : Author
M. Della Valle
- Function : Author
G. Dellacasa
- Function : Author
S. De Pasquale
- Function : Author
A.V. Derbin
- Function : Author
A. Devoto
- Function : Author
L. Di Noto
- Function : Author
F. Di Eusanio
- Function : Author
C. Dionisi
- Function : Author
P. Di Stefano
- Function : Author
G. Dolganov
- Function : Author
D. Dongiovanni
- Function : Author
F. Dordei
- Function : Author
M. Downing
- Function : Author
T. Erjavec
- Function : Author
S. Falciano
- Function : Author
S. Farenzena
- Function : Author
M. Fernandez Diaz
- Function : Author
C. Filip
- Function : Author
G. Fiorillo
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A. Franceschi
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D. Franco
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E. Frolov
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N. Funicello
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F. Gabriele
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C. Galbiati
- Function : Author
M. Garbini
- Function : Author
P. Garcia Abia
- Function : Author
A. Gendotti
- Function : Author
C. Ghiano
- Function : Author
R.A. Giampaolo
- Function : Author
M.A. Giorgi
- Function : Author
G.K. Giovanetti
- Function : Author
M.L. Gligan
- Function : Author
V. Goicoechea Casanueva
- Function : Author
A. Gola
- Function : Author
A.M. Goretti
- Function : Author
R. Graciani Diaz
- Function : Author
G.Y. Grigoriev
- Function : Author
A. Grobov
- Function : Author
M. Gromov
- Function : Author
M. Guan
- Function : Author
M. Guerzoni
- Function : Author
M. Guetti
- Function : Author
M. Gulino
- Function : Author
C. Guo
- Function : Author
B.R. Hackett
- Function : Author
A. Hallin
- Function : Author
M. Haranczyk
- Function : Author
S. Hill
- Function : Author
S. Horikawa
- Function : Author
T. Hugues
- Function : Author
E.V. Hungerford
- Function : Author
An. Ianni
- Function : Author
V. Ippolito
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 777454
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5126-1620
C.C. James
- Function : Author
C. Jillings
- Function : Author
P. Kachru
- Function : Author
A.A. Kemp
- Function : Author
C.L. Kendziora
- Function : Author
G. Keppel
- Function : Author
A.V. Khomyakov
- Function : Author
S. Kim
- Function : Author
A. Kish
- Function : Author
I. Kochanek
- Function : Author
K. Kondo
- Function : Author
G. Korga
- Function : Author
A. Kubankin
- Function : Author
R. Kugathasan
- Function : Author
M. Kuss
- Function : Author
M. Kuźniak
- Function : Author
M. La Commara
- Function : Author
L. La Delfa
- Function : Author
D. La Grasta
- Function : Author
N. Lami
- Function : Author
S. Langrock
- Function : Author
M. Leyton
- Function : Author
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X. Li
- Function : Author
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L. Lidey
- Function : Author
F. Lippi
- Function : Author
M. Lissia
- Function : Author
G. Longo
- Function : Author
N. Maccioni
- Function : Author
I.N. Machulin
- Function : Author
L. Mapelli
- Function : Author
A. Marasciulli
- Function : Author
A. Margotti
- Function : Author
S.M. Mari
- Function : Author
J. Maricic
- Function : Author
M. Marinelli
- Function : Author
M. Martínez
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755492
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9763-9155
A.D. Martinez Rojas
- Function : Author
A. Martini
- Function : Author
C.J. Martoff
- Function : Author
M. Mascia
- Function : Author
M. Masetto
- Function : Author
A. Masoni
- Function : Author
A. Mazzi
- Function : Author
A.B. Mcdonald
- Function : Author
J. Mclaughlin
- Function : Author
A. Messina
- Function : Author
P.D. Meyers
- Function : Author
T. Miletic
- Function : Author
R. Milincic
- Function : Author
R. Miola
- Function : Author
A. Moggi
- Function : Author
A. Moharana
- Function : Author
S. Moioli
- Function : Author
J. Monroe
- Function : Author
S. Morisi
- Function : Author
M. Morrocchi
- Function : Author
E.N. Mozhevitina
- Function : Author
T. Mr
- Function : Author
T. Mróz
- Function : Author
V.N. Muratova
- Function : Author
A. Murenu
- Function : Author
C. Muscas
- Function : Author
L. Musenich
- Function : Author
P. Musico
- Function : Author
R. Nania
- Function : Author
T. Napolitano
- Function : Author
M. Nessi
- Function : Author
I. Nikulin
- Function : Author
J. Nowak
- Function : Author
A. Oleinik
- Function : Author
V. Oleynikov
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L. Pagani
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M. Pallavicini
- Function : Author
S. Palmas
- Function : Author
L. Pandola
- Function : Author
E. Pantic
- Function : Author
E. Paoloni
- Function : Author
G. Paternoster
- Function : Author
P.A. Pegoraro
- Function : Author
L.A. Pellegrini
- Function : Author
C. Pellegrino
- Function : Author
K. Pelczar
- Function : Author
F. Perotti
- Function : Author
V. Pesudo
- Function : Author
E. Picciau
- Function : Author
F. Pietropaolo
- Function : Author
T. Pinna
- Function : Author
A. Pocar
- Function : Author
P. Podda
- Function : Author
D.M. Poehlmann
- Function : Author
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S. Pordes
- Function : Author
S.S. Poudel
- Function : Author
D. Price
- Function : Author
F. Raffaelli
- Function : Author
F. Ragusa
- Function : Author
A. Ramirez
- Function : Author
M. Razeti
- Function : Author
A. Razeto
- Function : Author
A.L. Renshaw
- Function : Author
S. Rescia
- Function : Author
M. Rescigno
- Function : Author
F. Resnati
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F. Retiere
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L.P. Rignanese
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C. Ripoli
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A. Rivetti
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L. Romero
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M. Rossi
- Function : Author
A. Rubbia
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M. Rucaj
- Function : Author
G.M. Sabiu
- Function : Author
P. Salatino
- Function : Author
O. Samoylov
- Function : Author
E. Sánchez García
- Function : Author
E. Sandford
- Function : Author
S. Sanfilippo
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V.A. Sangiorgio
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V. Santacroce
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D. Santone
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R. Santorelli
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A. Santucci
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C. Savarese
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E. Scapparone
- Function : Author
B. Schlitzer
- Function : Author
G. Scioli
- Function : Author
D.A. Semenov
- Function : Author
B. Shaw
- Function : Author
A. Shchagin
- Function : Author
A. Sheshukov
- Function : Author
M. Simeone
- Function : Author
P. Skensved
- Function : Author
M.D. Skorokhvatov
- Function : Author
O. Smirnov
- Function : Author
B. Smith
- Function : Author
A. Sokolov
- Function : Author
R. Stefanizzi
- Function : Author
A. Steri
- Function : Author
S. Stracka
- Function : Author
V. Strickland
- Function : Author
M. Stringer
- Function : Author
S. Sulis
- Function : Author
Y. Suvorov
- Function : Author
A.M. Szelc
- Function : Author
J.Z. Zsücs-Balázs
- Function : Author
R. Tartaglia
- Function : Author
G. Testera
- Function : Author
T.N. Thorpe
- Function : Author
S. Torres-Lara
- Function : Author
S. Tosti
- Function : Author
A. Tricomi
- Function : Author
M. Tuveri
- Function : Author
E.V. Unzhakov
- Function : Author
G. Usai
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T. Vallivilayil John
- Function : Author
S. Vescovi
- Function : Author
T. Viant
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S. Viel
- Function : Author
A. Vishneva
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R.B. Vogelaar
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M. Wada
- Function : Author
H. Wang
- Function : Author
Y. Wang
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 783180
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S. Westerdale
- Function : Author
R.J. Wheadon
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759575
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L. Williams
- Function : Author
Ma.M. Wojcik
- Function : Author
Ma. Wojcik
- Function : Author
X. Xiao
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755420
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8117-9991
- IdRef : 221426671
C. Yang
- Function : Author
A. Zani
- Function : Author
F. Zenobio
- Function : Author
A. Zichichi
- Function : Author
G. Zuzel
- Function : Author
M.P. Zykova
- Function : Author
Abstract
Aria is a plant hosting a ${350}\,\hbox {m}$ cryogenic isotopic distillation column, the tallest ever built, which is being installed in a mine shaft at Carbosulcis S.p.A., Nuraxi-Figus (SU), Italy. Aria is one of the pillars of the argon dark-matter search experimental program, lead by the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration. It was designed to reduce the isotopic abundance of ${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$ in argon extracted from underground sources, called Underground Argon (UAr), which is used for dark-matter searches. Indeed, ${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$ is a $\beta $-emitter of cosmogenic origin, whose activity poses background and pile-up concerns in the detectors. In this paper, we discuss the requirements, design, construction, tests, and projected performance of the plant for the isotopic cryogenic distillation of argon. We also present the successful results of the isotopic cryogenic distillation of nitrogen with a prototype plant.