<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of cea-02380827</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-24T04:51:13+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Overview of the VERDON-ISTP Program and main insights from the VERDON-2 air ingress test</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">A.</forename>
                <surname>Gallais-During</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">8f3dabb233096ea1de9318eb69bfe9cc</email>
              <email type="domain">cea.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1059131</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1691887-1059131</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">S.</forename>
                <surname>Bernard</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">319793-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">B.</forename>
                <surname>Gleizes</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">510902-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-74637"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Yves</forename>
                <surname>Pontillon</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">7ff4725bbe74637845ae8b0c444e2d3d</email>
              <email type="domain">cea.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">yves-pontillon</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">172545</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">9388-172545</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-8162</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/192893025</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-39936"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                <surname>Bonnin</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">530295-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-601"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">P.-P.</forename>
                <surname>Malgouyres</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1725849-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">S.</forename>
                <surname>Morin</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">114508-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-300040"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">E.</forename>
                <surname>Hanus</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">176733-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">G.</forename>
                <surname>Ducros</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">200723-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>amplexor</forename>
                <surname>amplexor</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">37a48bc5c46297dc2a3bba0893479ef4</email>
              <email type="domain">cea.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2019-11-26 13:52:20</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-09-23 14:22:14</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2019-11-26 13:52:20</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2017-03</date>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="805546">
                <persName>
                  <forename>amplexor</forename>
                  <surname>amplexor</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">37a48bc5c46297dc2a3bba0893479ef4</email>
                <email type="domain">cea.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">cea-02380827</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://cea.hal.science/cea-02380827</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">gallaisduring:cea-02380827</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Annals of Nuclear Energy&lt;/i&gt;, 2017, 101, pp.109-117. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2016.09.045"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.anucene.2016.09.045&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2017, 101, pp.109-117. &amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.anucene.2016.09.045&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CEA">CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSU">INSU - Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRSN">Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire - IRSN</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PERP">Université Perpignan Via Domitia</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRA">INRA - Institut national de la recherche agronomique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="DEN" corresp="CEA">Direction des énergies</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AGROPOLIS">Agropolis</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CEFREM">Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AGREENIUM">Archive ouverte en agrobiosciences</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="DEN-CAD" corresp="DEN">DES Cadarache</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CEA-CAD" corresp="CEA">CEA Cadarache</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRAE">Institut National de Recherche en Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AGIR">AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires </idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRAEOCCITANIETOULOUSE" corresp="INRAE">INRAE Occitanie Toulouse</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TOULOUSE-INP">Toulouse - INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT3-INP">Université de Toulouse / Toulouse INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT3-TOULOUSEINP">Université de Toulouse / Toulouse INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ASNR">Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire et de Radioprotection</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Overview of the VERDON-ISTP Program and main insights from the VERDON-2 air ingress test</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">A.</forename>
                    <surname>Gallais-During</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">8f3dabb233096ea1de9318eb69bfe9cc</email>
                  <email type="domain">cea.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1059131</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1691887-1059131</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">S.</forename>
                    <surname>Bernard</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">319793-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">B.</forename>
                    <surname>Gleizes</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">510902-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-74637"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Yves</forename>
                    <surname>Pontillon</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">7ff4725bbe74637845ae8b0c444e2d3d</email>
                  <email type="domain">cea.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">yves-pontillon</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">172545</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">9388-172545</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-8162</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/192893025</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-39936"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                    <surname>Bonnin</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">530295-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-601"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">P.-P.</forename>
                    <surname>Malgouyres</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1725849-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">S.</forename>
                    <surname>Morin</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">114508-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-300040"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">E.</forename>
                    <surname>Hanus</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">176733-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">G.</forename>
                    <surname>Ducros</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">200723-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-92792"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">10491</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0306-4549</idno>
                <title level="j">Annals of Nuclear Energy</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Elsevier Masson</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">101</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">109-117</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2017-03</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1016/j.anucene.2016.09.045</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="phys.nucl">Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="phys.nexp">Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>In order to reduce the uncertainties concerning source term assessment under LWR severe accident conditions, the International Source Term Program has been launched. Four main R&amp;D research axes have been addressed in this program: iodine behaviour in the RCS and containment, study of the boron carbide effect on fuel degradation and FP release, study of the air effect on fuel and FP behaviour, FP release from high burn-up UO2 and MOX fuels.As far as the source term quantification is concerned, four VERDON tests have been defined and were performed in the VERDON laboratory at the CEA Cadarache Centre. We present an overview of these four tests, devoted to the study of FP release from high burn-up UO2 and MOX fuels. We focus on the VERDON-2 air ingress test performed on MOX fuel with a specific loop dedicated to FP release and transport. It addressed two issues: Ru release under mixed steam-air conditions following lower head failure and transport/re-volatilization of Ru and volatile FPs in the primary circuit. The latter was performed thanks to the implementation of thermal gradient tubes exposed at different phases of the sequence. In this configuration, the VERDON facility combines the ability of the analytical approach to identify and understand the physical phenomena involved, with a semi-integral approach, which allows the results to be applied to source term assessments for reactor application. This VERDON-2 test has shown a rather unexpected low release of ruthenium from the MOX sample and no re-volatilization from the thermal gradient tubes. On the contrary, a significant re-volatilization of iodine has been observed when switching to mixed steam-air conditions, as well as a low, but measurable amount of iodine transported under gaseous form downstream of the thermal gradient tubes.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-92792" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">134643534</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121804137</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200018571R</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03cwzta72</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata"> Q30299415</idno>
          <orgName>CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CEA-DES (ex-DEN)</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="DES" active="#struct-300016" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-74637" status="OLD">
          <orgName>AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">AGIR</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Centre de Recherches INRA de Toulouse Chemin de Borderouge 31326 CASTANET TOLOSAN</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://wwwagir.toulouse.inra.fr/agir</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR1248" active="#struct-92114" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-448187" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-39936" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'Analyse de la Migration des Radioéléments</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LAMIR</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="DEN/DEC/SA3E" active="#struct-39949" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="DEN/DEC" active="#struct-39934" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1007583" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="CEA-DES" active="#struct-300016" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-601" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Centre de formation et de recherche en environnement marin</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CEFREM</orgName>
          <date type="start">1998-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">1998-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>CEFREM - Bât. U, 52 avenue Paul Alduy 66860 PERPIGNAN Cedex 09</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://cefrem.univ-perp.fr/index.php</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-101475" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="ERS1745 / EP2038" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300040" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">080712339</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01ha22c77</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q1502878</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRSN</orgName>
          <date type="start">2002-02-26</date>
          <date type="end">2024-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>F-92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.irsn.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300016" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026372061</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122998025</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00jjx8s55</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q868550</idno>
          <orgName>Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CEA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Centre de SaclayCentre de GrenobleCentre de Cadaracheetc</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.cea.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-92114" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01x3gbx83</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INRA</orgName>
          <date type="start">1946-05-18</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inra.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-448187" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388820</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121766169</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/033p9g875</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Toulouse INP</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.inp-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-443875" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/017tgbk05</idno>
          <orgName>Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Comue de Toulouse</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>41 Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="department" xml:id="struct-39949" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Service d'Analyses, d'Elaboration, d'Expérientations et d'Examens des combustibles</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SA3E</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>(ex SA3C- Service d'Analyse et de Caractérisation du Comportement des Combustibles)</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="DEN/DEC" active="#struct-39934" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1007583" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="CEA-DES" active="#struct-300016" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-39934" status="VALID">
          <idno type="RNSR">199018578S</idno>
          <orgName>Département d'Etudes des Combustibles</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">DEC</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-1007583" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="CEA-DES" active="#struct-300016" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-1007583" status="VALID">
          <idno type="RNSR">202023587F</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q122965146</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de recherche sur les systèmes nucléaires pour la production d'énergie bas carbone (CEA - DES)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRESNE</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>CEA Cadarache</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="CEA-DES" active="#struct-300016" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-101475" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03am2jy38</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Perpignan Via Domitia</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPVD</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>52 avenue Paul Alduy - 66860 Perpignan Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-perp.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">029349265</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2154 1736</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04kdfz702</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3152437</idno>
          <orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.insu.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>