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                <title level="j">Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">First-episode psychosis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Schizophrenia</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Psychoradiology</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Structural MRI</term>
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              <p>Objective: Structural MRI (sMRI) increasingly offers insight into abnormalities inherent to schizophrenia. Previous machine learning applications suggest that individual classification is feasible and reliable and, however, is focused on the predictive performance of the clinical status in cross-sectional designs, which has limited biological perspectives. Moreover, most studies depend on relatively small cohorts or single recruiting site. Finally, no study controlled for disease stage or medication's effect. These elements cast doubt on previous findings' reproducibility. Method: We propose a machine learning algorithm that provides an interpretable brain signature. Using large datasets collected from 4 sites (276 schizophrenia patients, 330 controls), we assessed cross-site prediction reproducibility and associated predictive signature. For the first time, we evaluated the predictive signature regarding medication and illness duration using an independent dataset of first-episode patients. Results: Machine learning classifiers based on neuroanatomical features yield significant intersite prediction accuracies (72%) together with an excellent predictive signature stability. This signature provides a neural score significantly correlated with symptom severity and the extent of cognitive impairments. Moreover, this signature demonstrates its efficiency on first-episode psychosis patients (73% accuracy). Conclusion: These results highlight the existence of a common neuroanatomical signature for schizophrenia, shared by a majority of patients even from an early stage of the disorder.</p>
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          <idno type="anr">ANR-08-MNPS-0041</idno>
          <idno type="program">Maladies Neurologiques et Psychiatriques</idno>
          <orgName>VIP</orgName>
          <desc>Viro-immunologie, Imagerie cérébrale et Psychoses</desc>
          <date type="start">2008</date>
        </org>
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